{"id":1390,"date":"2019-07-03T09:16:53","date_gmt":"2019-07-03T09:16:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/netplus.sk\/?p=1390"},"modified":"2019-07-03T09:17:27","modified_gmt":"2019-07-03T09:17:27","slug":"navrh-wifi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/netplus.sk\/index.php\/2019\/07\/03\/navrh-wifi\/","title":{"rendered":"Ako na n\u00e1vrh WiFi siete"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kvalitne uroben\u00fd n\u00e1vrh WiFi siete rozhodne nie je ot\u00e1zka nieko\u013ek\u00fdch min\u00fat a vy\u017eaduje si viac ako letm\u00fd poh\u013ead na p\u00f4dorys a ozna\u010denie bud\u00faceho umiestnenia Access Pointov prstom na papieri. Dobre nadizajnova\u0165 bezdr\u00f4tov\u00fa sie\u0165 znamen\u00e1 vykona\u0165 s\u00e9riu na seba nav\u00e4zuj\u00facich krokov, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa svoje nezastupite\u013en\u00e9 miesto v procese \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e9ho pl\u00e1novania WiFi siete. V prvom rade je potrebn\u00e9 sa dobre zozn\u00e1mi\u0165 s priestormi kde budeme AP\u010dka in\u0161talova\u0165, zisti\u0165 ak\u00e9 po\u017eiadavky bud\u00fa kladen\u00e9 na WiFi sie\u0165 a \u010do sa od nej o\u010dak\u00e1va. Je potrebn\u00e9 zmera\u0165 s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fd stav v 2.4 a 5 Ghz p\u00e1sme, zisti\u0165 \u010di hroz\u00ed nejak\u00e9 ru\u0161enie a ako sa mu vyhn\u00fa\u0165. N\u00e1sledne sa m\u00f4\u017ee navrhn\u00fa\u0165 umiestnenie AP, smerovanie ant\u00e9n, vy\u017earovac\u00ed v\u00fdkon a pribli\u017en\u00e9 rozvrhnutie kan\u00e1lov. Nakoniec treba overi\u0165 n\u00e1vrh meraniami na mieste a pr\u00edpadne ho upravi\u0165, ak s\u00fa odhalen\u00e9 nedostatky. Len tak vieme zaru\u010di\u0165, \u017ee vyu\u017eijeme potenci\u00e1l bezdr\u00f4tovej siete naplno. Len tak mimochodom, ch\u00fdbaj\u00faca Site Survey b\u00fdva jednou z naj\u010dastej\u0161\u00edch ch\u00fdb pri projektovan\u00ed WiFi siet\u00ed<\/a>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Dizajn WiFi siet\u00ed<\/h3>\n

Pred pr\u00edchodom pokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00edch funkcional\u00edt ako napr\u00edklad Aruba ARM (Adaptive Radio Management), boli WiFi siete navrhovan\u00e9 ove\u013ea striktnej\u0161ie ako je tomu dnes. Pou\u017e\u00edval sa fixn\u00fd vy\u017earovac\u00ed v\u00fdkon a konkr\u00e9tny kan\u00e1l sa priradil priamo pre vybran\u00fd Access Point, pri\u010dom tieto hodnoty sa u\u017e n\u00e1sledne nemenili. Tento pr\u00edstup si vy\u017eadoval ove\u013ea d\u00f4slednej\u0161ie pl\u00e1novanie a presnej\u0161ie merania, preto\u017ee ak\u00e1ko\u013evek zmena si vy\u017eadovala kompletn\u00e9 prerobenie cel\u00e9ho n\u00e1vrhu. Aj ke\u010f v\u010faka ARM sa v s\u00fa\u010dastnosti pri n\u00e1vrhu WiFi siete nezaober\u00e1me fixn\u00fdm v\u00fdkonom AP alebo presn\u00fdm kan\u00e1lom, na ktorom sa bude vysiela\u0165, mnoho princ\u00edpov z tohto typu pl\u00e1novania plat\u00ed aj dnes a treba k nemu pristupova\u0165 zodpovedne. Preto\u017ee ak nespr\u00e1vne navrhneme rozlo\u017eenie Access Pointov, je vysok\u00e1 pravdepodobnos\u0165, \u017ee u\u017e to tak zostane a u\u017e\u00edvatelia bud\u00fa nespokojn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Kvalitne uroben\u00fd WiFi dizajn by mal pozost\u00e1va\u0165 z troch krokov: pas\u00edvny n\u00e1vrh, akt\u00edvny n\u00e1vrh a kontrola n\u00e1vrhu.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pas\u00edvny n\u00e1vrh (Off site survey)<\/h4>\n

Pri pas\u00edvnom n\u00e1vrhu WiFi siete vyu\u017e\u00edvame \u0161pecializovan\u00fd softv\u00e9r firiem ako Netscout<\/a> alebo Ekahau<\/a>, na ur\u010denie sily WiFi sign\u00e1lu a jeho \u0161\u00edrenia v r\u00e1mci lok\u00e1cie, ktor\u00fa sa chyst\u00e1me pokry\u0165. Pred t\u00fdm ne\u017e za\u010dneme s pas\u00edvnym pl\u00e1novan\u00edm potrebuje presn\u00e9 p\u00f4dorysy priestorov, vr\u00e1tane inform\u00e1cii ako s\u00fa pou\u017eit\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, v\u00fd\u0161ky stropov, uniestnenia okien a pod. \u010c\u00edm komplexnej\u0161ie prostredie, t\u00fdm detailnej\u0161ie inform\u00e1cie potrebujeme, aby bol n\u00e1vrh \u010do najpresnej\u0161\u00ed. Podklady sa nahraj\u00fa do softv\u00e9ru, v prvom kroku pribli\u017ene ur\u010d\u00edme umiestnenie AP a nech\u00e1me softv\u00e9r vypo\u010d\u00edta\u0165 pokrytie a kvalitu WiFi. Pod\u013ea zobrazen\u00e9ho v\u00fdsledku upravujeme n\u00e1\u0161 pov\u00f4dn\u00fd n\u00e1vrh pod\u013ea potreby.<\/p>\n

Pas\u00edvny n\u00e1vrh sa sklad\u00e1 z nasledovn\u00fdch bodov:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Zabezpe\u010denie p\u00f4dorysu v elektronickej podobe<\/li>\n
  2. N\u00e1vrh rozmiestnenia AP nad p\u00f4dorysom pou\u017eit\u00edm “site survey” softv\u00e9ru<\/li>\n
  3. Anal\u00fdza v\u00fdstupov (najm\u00e4 m\u00e1p pokrytia) a pr\u00edpadn\u00e1 oprava nedostatkov<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

     
    \n\"Ekahau
    \n <\/p>\n

    Akt\u00edvny n\u00e1vrh (On site survey)<\/h4>\n

    Akt\u00edvny n\u00e1vrh WiFi siete vykon\u00e1vame priamo v priestoroch, ktor\u00e9 sa chyst\u00e1me pokry\u0165 WiFi sign\u00e1lom. Pomocou akt\u00edvneho AP a meran\u00ed sily sign\u00e1lu v jeho okol\u00ed ur\u010d\u00edme najlep\u0161ie umiestnenie Access Pointov, po\u017eadovan\u00fa hustotu pokrytia a odhal\u00edme aj pr\u00edpadne probl\u00e9my, ktor\u00e9 nie je mo\u017en\u00e9 predpoveda\u0165 pri pas\u00edvnom n\u00e1vrhu. Na miesta kam pl\u00e1nujeme umiestni\u0165 AP, ktor\u00e9 sme z\u00edskali z pas\u00edvneho pl\u00e1novania, umiestnime AP pripevnen\u00e9 na tripode a zmeriame WiFi parametre. Po\u010das testu vykon\u00e1 softv\u00e9r stovky RF meran\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 n\u00e1sledne vizu\u00e1lne zobraz\u00ed na p\u00f4dorysoch, ktor\u00e9 sme do programu nahrali pred za\u010dat\u00edm testu. Ak je pri implement\u00e1cii po\u017eiadavka na Voice over WiFi, aplik\u00e1cia to zoh\u013eadn\u00ed a navrhne pokrytie tak, aby \u00farove\u0148 sily sign\u00e1lu neklesla pod po\u017eadovan\u00e9 hodnoty. V\u00fdsledok sa zobraz\u00ed v preh\u013eadnej mapke, z ktorej je jasn\u00e9 umiestnenie AP, aj v\u00fdsledne hodnoty pokrytia WiFi sign\u00e1lom. Samozrejmos\u0165ou je zoh\u013eadnenie 2.4 aj 5 GHz p\u00e1sma.<\/p>\n

    Akt\u00edvny n\u00e1vrh sa sklad\u00e1 z nasledovn\u00fdch bodov:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Zabezpe\u010denie p\u00f4dorysu v elektronickej podobe<\/li>\n
    2. Konfigur\u00e1cia AP a n\u00e1sledn\u00e1 in\u0161tal\u00e1cia na pohybliv\u00fd tripod<\/li>\n
    3. Umietnenie AP na vopred vytipovan\u00e9 miesta, ktor\u00e9 b\u00fdvaj\u00fa v\u00fdsledkom pas\u00edvneho pl\u00e1novania<\/li>\n
    4. Meranie WiFi parametrov v okol\u00ed AP pou\u017eit\u00edm profesion\u00e1lnych “site survey” aplik\u00e1cii<\/li>\n
    5. Anal\u00fdza v\u00fdsledku a vytvorenie definit\u00edvneho n\u00e1vrhu<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

       
      \n\"AP
      \n <\/p>\n

      Kontrola n\u00e1vrhu (Spectrum clearing)<\/h4>\n

      Nelicencovan\u00e9 2.4 Ghz a 5 GHz p\u00e1sma s\u00fa vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 mno\u017estvom zariaden\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 operuj\u00fa na rovnak\u00fdch frekvenci\u00e1ch a navz\u00e1jom si ru\u0161ia sign\u00e1l. V\u00fdsledkom \u010dasto b\u00fdva slab\u00fd WiFi sign\u00e1l a n\u00edzka prenosov\u00e1 r\u00fdchlos\u0165, v hor\u0161om pr\u00edpade v\u00fdpadky. Typick\u00fdm pr\u00edkladom zariaden\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa na\u0161u WiFi sie\u0165 b\u00fdvaj\u00fa AP zo susedn\u00fdch priestorov\/firiem, bezdr\u00f4tov\u00e9 telef\u00f3ny, video kamery, bluetooth zariadenia alebo mikrovlnn\u00e9 r\u00fary v kuchynk\u00e1ch. Pri dizajne wireless siete je preto ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9, aby sme poznali prostredie z r\u00e1dio-frekven\u010dn\u00e9ho hladiska a predch\u00e1dzali t\u00fdmto probl\u00e9mom. Pri “spectrum clearing” procese sa vyu\u017e\u00edva prenosn\u00fd analyz\u00e1tor spektra, ktor\u00fdm urob\u00edme anal\u00fdzu prostredia e\u0161te pred samotn\u00fdm nasaden\u00edm WiFi rie\u0161enia a odhal\u00edme pr\u00edpadne nedostatky n\u00e1vrhu, ktor\u00e9 nebolo mo\u017en\u00e9 predv\u00edda\u0165 ani pri akt\u00edvnom pl\u00e1novan\u00ed.<\/p>\n

      Spectrum clearing proces vyzer\u00e1 nasledovne:<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Nastav\u00edme spektrum analyz\u00e1tor pre zaznamen\u00e1vanie hodn\u00f4t v 5 a 2.4 GHz p\u00e1sme<\/li>\n
      2. Prech\u00e1dzame priestormi, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa by\u0165 pokryt\u00e9 WiFi sign\u00e1lom a h\u013ead\u00e1me akt\u00edvne zariadenia<\/li>\n
      3. V pr\u00edpade, \u017ee zaznamen\u00e1me zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd sign\u00e1l, zastav\u00edme na danom mieste a urob\u00edme 60-90 sekundov\u00fd z\u00e1znam<\/li>\n
      4. Ak n\u00e1jdeme zdroj potencion\u00e1lneho ru\u0161enia zist\u00edme, na ktorom kan\u00e1li vysiela a ako ovplyv\u0148uje n\u00e1\u0161 n\u00e1vrh<\/li>\n
      5. Ak je predpoklad, \u017ee bude ovplyv\u0148ova\u0165 kvalitu n\u00e1\u0161ho WiFi sign\u00e1lu rozhodneme sa, \u010do ideme s n\u00edm urobi\u0165. Z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed od situ\u00e1cie \u010di zvol\u00edme tienenie, odstr\u00e1nenie alebo presunutie.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

         
        \n\"Ekahau<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Kvalitne uroben\u00fd n\u00e1vrh WiFi siete rozhodne nie je ot\u00e1zka nieko\u013ek\u00fdch min\u00fat a vy\u017eaduje si viac ako letm\u00fd poh\u013ead na p\u00f4dorys a ozna\u010denie bud\u00faceho umiestnenia Access Pointov prstom na papieri. Dobre nadizajnova\u0165 bezdr\u00f4tov\u00fa sie\u0165 znamen\u00e1 vykona\u0165 s\u00e9riu na seba nav\u00e4zuj\u00facich krokov, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa svoje nezastupite\u013en\u00e9 miesto v procese \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e9ho pl\u00e1novania WiFi siete. V prvom rade je potrebn\u00e9 sa dobre zozn\u00e1mi\u0165 s priestormi kde budeme AP\u010dka in\u0161talova\u0165, zisti\u0165 ak\u00e9 po\u017eiadavky bud\u00fa kladen\u00e9 na WiFi sie\u0165 a \u010do sa od nej o\u010dak\u00e1va. Je potrebn\u00e9 zmera\u0165 s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fd stav v 2.4 a 5 Ghz p\u00e1sme, zisti\u0165 \u010di hroz\u00ed nejak\u00e9 ru\u0161enie a ako sa mu vyhn\u00fa\u0165. viac …<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1415,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[23,19,43,42,4,35],"class_list":["post-1390","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-wireless-svet","tag-dizajn","tag-navrh","tag-siet","tag-site-survey","tag-wifi","tag-wireless"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/netplus.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1390","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/netplus.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/netplus.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/netplus.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/netplus.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1390"}],"version-history":[{"count":20,"href":"https:\/\/netplus.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1390\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1416,"href":"https:\/\/netplus.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1390\/revisions\/1416"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/netplus.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1415"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/netplus.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1390"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/netplus.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1390"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/netplus.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1390"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}